References
[1] González-Maya, J.F., Belant, J.L., Wyatt, S.A., Schipper, J., Cardenal, J., Corrales, D., Cruz-Lizano, I., Hoepker, A., Escobedo-Galván, A.H., Casteñada, F. & Fischer, A. (2013). Renewing hope: the rediscovery of Atelopus varius in Costa Rica. Amphibia-Reptilia. 34: pp. 573-578.
[2] Pounds, A., Puschendorf, R., Bolaños, F., Chaves, G., Crump, M., Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Savage, J., Jaramillo, C., Fuenmayor, Q. & Lips, K. Atelopus varius. IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/54560/0.
[3] Lips, K. R., Burrowes, P.A., Mendelson, J.R. & Parr-Olea, G. (2005). Amphibian Population Declines in Latin America: A Synthesis. Biotropica, 37: pp. 222-226.
[4] Barnosky, A.D., Matzke, N., Tomiya, S. Wogan, G.O.U., Swartz, B., Quental, T.B., Marshall, C., McGuire, J.L., Lindsey, E.L., Maguire, K.C., Mersey, B. & Ferrer, E.A. (2011). Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature. 471: pp. 51-57.
[5] La Marca, E., Lips, K., Lötters, S., Puschendorf, R., Ibáñez, R., Rueda-Almonacid, J.V., Schulte, R., Marty, C., Castro, F., Manzanilla-Puppo, J., García-Pérez, J.E., Bolaños, F., Chaves, G., Pounds, A., Toral, E. & Young, B.E. (2005). Catostrohpic Population Declines and Extinctions in Neotropical Harlequien Frogs (Bufonidae: Ateleopus). Biotropica, The Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation. 37 (2): pp. 190-201.
[6] Savage, J.M. (2002). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between two Continents, between two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
[7] Still, J.C., Foster, P.N. & Schneider, S.H. (1999). Simulating the effects of climate change on tropical motane cloud forests. Nature. 398: pp. 608-610.
[8] Crump, M.L. & Pounds, J.A. (1985). Lethal Parasitism of an Aposematic Anuran (Atelopus varius) by Notochaeta bufonivora (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The Journal of Parasitology. 71 (5): pp. 588-591.
[9] Pounds, J.A. & Crump, M.L. (1994). Amphibian Declines and Climate Disturbance: The Case of the Golden Toad and the Harlequin Frog. Society for Conservation Biology. 8(1): pp. 72-85.
[10] McGregor, S., Timmermann, A., England, M.H., Timm, O.E. & Wittenberg, A.T. (2013). Inferred changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries. Climate of the Past. 9: pp. 2269-2284.
[11] Weldon, C., du Preez, L.H., Hyatt, A.D., Muller, R. & Speare, R. (2004). Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10(12): pp. 2100-2105.
[12] Stuart, S.N., Chanson, J.S., Cox, N., Young, B.E., Rodrigues, A.S.L., Fischman, D.L. &Waller, R.W. (2004). Status and Trends of Amphibian Declines and Extinctions Worldwide. Science. 306(5702): pp. 1783-1786.
[13] Murray, K.A., Skerratt, L.F., Garland, S., Kriticos, D. & MacCallum, H. (2013). Whether the Weather Drives Patterns of Endemic Amphibian Chytridiomycosis: A Pathogen Proliferation Approach. PLOS ONE. 8(4): pp. 1-11.
[14] Kilpatrick, A.M., Briggs, C.J. & Daszak, P. (2009). The ecology and impact of chytridiomycosis: an emerging disease of amphibians. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 25(2): pp. 109-118.
[2] Pounds, A., Puschendorf, R., Bolaños, F., Chaves, G., Crump, M., Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Savage, J., Jaramillo, C., Fuenmayor, Q. & Lips, K. Atelopus varius. IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/54560/0.
[3] Lips, K. R., Burrowes, P.A., Mendelson, J.R. & Parr-Olea, G. (2005). Amphibian Population Declines in Latin America: A Synthesis. Biotropica, 37: pp. 222-226.
[4] Barnosky, A.D., Matzke, N., Tomiya, S. Wogan, G.O.U., Swartz, B., Quental, T.B., Marshall, C., McGuire, J.L., Lindsey, E.L., Maguire, K.C., Mersey, B. & Ferrer, E.A. (2011). Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature. 471: pp. 51-57.
[5] La Marca, E., Lips, K., Lötters, S., Puschendorf, R., Ibáñez, R., Rueda-Almonacid, J.V., Schulte, R., Marty, C., Castro, F., Manzanilla-Puppo, J., García-Pérez, J.E., Bolaños, F., Chaves, G., Pounds, A., Toral, E. & Young, B.E. (2005). Catostrohpic Population Declines and Extinctions in Neotropical Harlequien Frogs (Bufonidae: Ateleopus). Biotropica, The Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation. 37 (2): pp. 190-201.
[6] Savage, J.M. (2002). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between two Continents, between two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
[7] Still, J.C., Foster, P.N. & Schneider, S.H. (1999). Simulating the effects of climate change on tropical motane cloud forests. Nature. 398: pp. 608-610.
[8] Crump, M.L. & Pounds, J.A. (1985). Lethal Parasitism of an Aposematic Anuran (Atelopus varius) by Notochaeta bufonivora (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The Journal of Parasitology. 71 (5): pp. 588-591.
[9] Pounds, J.A. & Crump, M.L. (1994). Amphibian Declines and Climate Disturbance: The Case of the Golden Toad and the Harlequin Frog. Society for Conservation Biology. 8(1): pp. 72-85.
[10] McGregor, S., Timmermann, A., England, M.H., Timm, O.E. & Wittenberg, A.T. (2013). Inferred changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries. Climate of the Past. 9: pp. 2269-2284.
[11] Weldon, C., du Preez, L.H., Hyatt, A.D., Muller, R. & Speare, R. (2004). Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10(12): pp. 2100-2105.
[12] Stuart, S.N., Chanson, J.S., Cox, N., Young, B.E., Rodrigues, A.S.L., Fischman, D.L. &Waller, R.W. (2004). Status and Trends of Amphibian Declines and Extinctions Worldwide. Science. 306(5702): pp. 1783-1786.
[13] Murray, K.A., Skerratt, L.F., Garland, S., Kriticos, D. & MacCallum, H. (2013). Whether the Weather Drives Patterns of Endemic Amphibian Chytridiomycosis: A Pathogen Proliferation Approach. PLOS ONE. 8(4): pp. 1-11.
[14] Kilpatrick, A.M., Briggs, C.J. & Daszak, P. (2009). The ecology and impact of chytridiomycosis: an emerging disease of amphibians. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 25(2): pp. 109-118.
Images
Home
Atelopus varius, Amphibian Conservation: Accessed 1/04/2014.
About the Species
Atelopus certus, Wikimedia Commons: Acceessed 01/04/2014.
Geographical Range of Atelopus varius, IUCN: Accessed 29/03/2014.
Cloud Forest, Wikimedia Commons: Accessed 29/03/2014.
Climate Change Impacts
Chytridiomycosis Induced Mortality, National Geographic: Accessed 03/04/2014.
Spread of Chytridiomycocsis Through Central America, Conserving Biodiversity: Accessed 03/04/2014.
Sarcophagidae, Wikimedia Commons: Accessed 03/04/2013.
Atelopus varius, Amphibian Conservation: Accessed 1/04/2014.
About the Species
Atelopus certus, Wikimedia Commons: Acceessed 01/04/2014.
Geographical Range of Atelopus varius, IUCN: Accessed 29/03/2014.
Cloud Forest, Wikimedia Commons: Accessed 29/03/2014.
Climate Change Impacts
Chytridiomycosis Induced Mortality, National Geographic: Accessed 03/04/2014.
Spread of Chytridiomycocsis Through Central America, Conserving Biodiversity: Accessed 03/04/2014.
Sarcophagidae, Wikimedia Commons: Accessed 03/04/2013.